The college currently has one doctoral degree program in agricultural biotechnology (subject code: 0901Z2), six master's degree programs in botany (subject code: 071001), zoology (subject code: 071002), microbiology (subject code: 071005), genetics (subject code: 071007), cell biology (subject code: 071009), biochemical and molecular biology (subject code: 071010), and one professional master's degree program in biology and medicine (subject code: 0860).

In 1981, botany became the first master's degree authorization point in the country; in 1993, microbiology became the first master's degree authorization point in our province; in 2005, the School of Life Sciences was established, and in the same year, it was approved for master's degree authorization in genetics, biochemistry and molecular biology; in 2008, biology was approved as a master's degree authorization point in the first-level discipline, and four second-level disciplines including botany, microbiology, biochemistry and molecular biology, and genetics have successively become key construction disciplines in Henan Province; in 2012 and 2018, biology was rated as the eighth and ninth batch of key construction disciplines in Henan Province; in 2023, synthetic biology became a key construction discipline in Henan Province.

According to the development plan of the college, it has condensed key research directions such as genetics and functional genomics, botany and stress physiology, agricultural biomass microbial transformation and utilization, animal and plant metabolic regulation and immune response, and strives to build eight innovative teams in genomics and disease resistance genetics, resource plant germplasm and molecular physiology and functional genomics, plant system evolution and biodiversity, environmental governance and resource transformation, edible and medicinal fungi research and application, microbial enzyme engineering, plant metabolic regulation and signal transduction, animal metabolic regulation and immune response, optimize resource allocation, introduce and cultivate discipline teams, and promote the rapid development of discipline construction. The discipline of biology has ranked first in the school's academic performance evaluation of discipline innovation and excellence for five consecutive years, and was rated as excellent in the eighth batch of provincial key discipline evaluation.