The School of Marxism at Henan Agricultural University was founded in 1952 as a Public Course Teaching and Research Office when Henan Agricultural College was founded independently, and was renamed Political Theory Teaching and Research Group in 1957 and Marxism-Leninism Teaching and Research Office in 1959. In 1985, the Marxism-Leninism Teaching and Research Office merged with the Moral Education Teaching and Research Office, which was established in 1981, and was renamed the Department of Social Sciences. In 1994, the Department of Social Sciences was renamed as the Faculty of Social Science. In 1999, it was merged with the Foreign Language Teaching and Research Office of the Basic Department to form into the College of Humanities and Social Sciences. In 2005, it was renamed as the College of Humanities and Law, with a Department of Ideological and Political Theory Teaching and Research. In 2010, the College of Marxism was established, and it was co-located with the College of Humanities and Law.In February 2016, the College of Marxism was approved to be set up. In 2019, it was selected as one of the first batch of key colleges of Marxism in Henan Province, and won the title of Advanced Grassroots Party Organizations in Higher Educational Institutions in Henan Province. In March 2023, approved by the Party Committee of HAU, the General Party Branch of the School of Marxism was upgraded to the Party Committee of the School of Marxism, and the development of the School entered a new stage.

The School of Marxism currently has 96 faculty and staff members, including 10 with senior professional titles, 28 with deputy senior professional titles, and 38 teachers with doctoral degrees. Since its foundation, it has been honored with titles such as National Teaching Master of the Ten Thousand Talents Plan, Teacher, Education and Curriculum Instruction Committee of the Ministry of Education,, Leading Talent in Education and Teaching of the Central Plains Thousand Talents Plan, Four Batches of Talents in the Propaganda and Culture System of Henan Province, Teaching Master of Provincial Universities, Provincial Science and Technology Leader, Provincial Professional and Technical Outstanding Talent, and Science and Technology Innovation Talent in Provincial University. The Famous Teacher Studio of National College Ideological and Political Course, and the Famous Teacher Studio of Henan Province College Ideological and Political Course were approved by the Ministry of Education. Seven people were selected for the Teaching Guidance Committee of Ideological and Political Courses in Higher Education Institutions in Henan Province, and more than ten people were selected as theoretical lecturers and provincial youth theoretical lecturers in Henan Province. They are actively involved in the lecture of the Party's theories in provincial organs, cities, universities, departments, etc.. Theoretical lecture has become a bright name card of the School of Marxism.

The institution of the school includes the Party and Government Office, Youth League Committee Office, and Discipline Office. It has six departments, four platforms, and one center. The “Six Departments ” include the Basic Principles of Marxism Teaching and Research Department, Teaching and Research Department of Introduction to Mao Zedong Thought and the Theoretical System of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics, Teaching and Research Department of the Outline of Modern and Contemporary Chinese History, the Ideology, Morality and Legal Education Teaching and Research Department, Teaching and Research Department of Introduction to Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics in the New Era as well as the Situation and Policy Teaching and Research Department. The Four Platforms include two provincial scientific research platforms: Scientific Development and Farmers' Rights Research Center, a key research base for humanities and social sciences in universities in Henan Province as well as Marxism and Rural Revitalization Strategy Research Center, a key research base for humanities and social sciences in Henan Province; and two university-level scientific research platforms: the Marxism Research Center and the Marxism and Chinese Excellent Traditional Culture Research Center. The One Center refers to the practical teaching center for ideological and political theory courses.

The school undertakes six ideological and political theory courses for all undergraduate students including Introduction to Mao Zedong Thought and the Theoretical System of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics, Basic Principles of Marxism, Outline of Modern and Contemporary Chinese History, Ideology, Morality and Rule of Law, Introduction to Xi Jinping’s Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics in the New Era, and Situation and Policy, and undertakes two courses for all master degree students including Research on Theory and Practice of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics and Dialectics of Nature, and two courses which are Chinese Marxism and Contemporary Times and Selected Readings of Marxist Classic Works, for doctoral students. It also undertakes the training of master degree students in the discipline of Marxist theory. The school has one national first-class course, one provincial first-class course, one provincial high-quality online open course, one provincial first-class offline course, and one provincial online teaching excellent course for undergraduate education. We also have one provincial excellent grassroots teaching organization; 13 practical teaching bases and 1 teaching and research base jointly built with the College of Rural Party Branch Secretary; More than 10 people have been awarded the titles of teaching experts and role models in ideological and political theory courses in Henan Province's universities. More than 20 people were awarded the special prize and the first prize of  competition such as teaching demonstration of National College Ideological and Political Theory Course and teaching skills competition organized by Education Department and Federation of Trade Union of Henan Province.